Learning Objective: Know what an organism is State the name of the organelles found in a plant and animal cell Describe the role for the organelles found in a plant and animal cell

**Based on AQA biology specification ( can be used for revision). Includes: Content, AFL Questions, Exam style Questions and Answers ** Based on AQA biology specification Students should understand that meiosis leads to non-identical cells being formed while mitosis leads to identical cells being formed. Sexual reproduction involves the joining (fusion) of male and female gametes: • sperm and egg cells in animals • pollen and egg cells in flowering plants. In sexual reproduction there is mixing of genetic information which leads to variety in the offspring. The formation of gametes involves meiosis. Asexual reproduction involves only one parent and no fusion of gametes. There is no mixing of genetic information. This leads to genetically identical offspring (clones). Only mitosis is involved.

**Based on AQA biology specification ( can be used for revision). Includes: Content, AFL Questions, Exam style Questions and Answers ** Based on AQA biology specification Students should be able to explain that homeostasis is the regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for function in response to internal and external changes. Homeostasis maintains optimal conditions for enzyme action and all cell functions. In the human body, these include control of: • blood glucose concentration • body temperature • water levels. These automatic control systems may involve nervous responses or chemical responses. All control systems include: • cells called receptors, which detect stimuli (changes in the environment) • coordination centres (such as the brain, spinal cord and pancreas) that receive and process information from receptors • effectors, muscles or glands, which bring about responses which restore optimum levels.

Interactive Trivia. Useful For AFL or Revision Students should be able to explain how the main sub-cellular structures, including the nucleus, cell membranes, mitochondria, chloroplasts in plant cells and plasmids in bacterial cells are related to their functions. Most animal cells have the following parts: • a nucleus • cytoplasm • a cell membrane • mitochondria • ribosomes. In addition to the parts found in animal cells, plant cells often have: • chloroplasts • a permanent vacuole filled with cell sap. Plant and algal cells also have a cell wall made of cellulose, which

**Based on AQA biology specification ( can be used for revision). Includes: Content, AFL Questions, Exam style Questions and Answers ** Based on AQA biology specification Students should be able to describe cellular respiration as an exothermic reaction which is continuously occurring in living cells. The energy transferred supplies all the energy needed for living processes. Respiration in cells can take place aerobically (using oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen), to transfer energy. Organisms need energy for: • chemical reactions to build larger molecules • movement • keeping warm. Aerobic respiration is represented by the equation: glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water Students should recognise the chemical symbols: C6 H12O6 , O2 , CO2 and H2O.

**Based on AQA biology specification ( can be used for revision). Includes: Content, AFL Questions, Exam style Questions and Answers ** Based on AQA biology specification Students should be able to explain how the structures of plant tissues are related to their functions. Plant tissues include: • epidermal tissues • palisade mesophyll • spongy mesophyll • xylem and phloem • meristem tissue found at the growing tips of shoots and roots. The leaf is a plant organ. Knowledge limited to epidermis, palisade and spongy mesophyll, xylem and phloem, and guard cells surrounding stomata.

**Based on AQA biology specification ( can be used for revision). Includes: Content, AFL Questions, Exam style Questions and Answers ** Based on AQA biology specification: During exercise the human body reacts to the increased demand for energy. The heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume increase during exercise to supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood. If insufficient oxygen is supplied anaerobic respiration takes place in muscles. The incomplete oxidation of glucose causes a build up of lactic acid and creates an oxygen debt. During long periods of vigorous activity muscles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently. (HT only) Blood flowing through the muscles transports the lactic acid to the liver where it is converted back into glucose. Oxygen debt is the amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells.

Students should be able to describe cellular respiration as an exothermic reaction which is continuously occurring in living cells. The energy transferred supplies all the energy needed for living processes. Respiration in cells can take place anaerobically (without oxygen), to transfer energy. S Students should recognise the chemical symbols: C6 H12O6 , O2 , CO2 and H2 O. Anaerobic respiration in muscles is represented by the equation: glucose lactic acid As the oxidation of glucose is incomplete in anaerobic respiration much less energy is transferred than in aerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells is represented by the equation: glucose ethanol + carbon dioxide Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells is called fermentation and has economic importance in the manufacture of bread and alcoholic drinks

Learning Objective: Name some substances that move into and out the cell Describe the process of diffusion

Learning Objective: Name the three rock layers of the Earth Compare the layers of the Earth

AQA - Explain how uni-cellular organisms are adapted to carry out functions that in multi-cellular organisms are done by different types of cell. Learning Objective: Define unicellular organism Identify structures in an amoeba and euglena Explain how unicellular organisms are adapted to carry out different functions

Learning Objective: Describe how igneous and metamorphic rock are formed Explain why igneous and metamorphic rocks have particular properties based on how they were formed

Learning Objective: Describe tectonic Plates Explain how earthquakes are caused

Learning Objective: Name some examples of specialised plant and animal cells Describe examples of specialised plant and animal cells Suggest the type of organism or tissue a cell comes from, based on its features

Learning Objective: Describe how sedimentary rocks are formed Explain why a sedimentary rock has a particular property based on how it was formed

Learning Objective: Know that energy can dissipates when transferred Explain why processes such as swinging pendulums or bouncing balls cannot go on forever, in terms of energy Calculate the useful energy and the amount dissipated, given values of input and output energy

Learning Objective: Create Sankey Diagrams

Learning Objective: Know the difference between temperature and heat State what thermal energy pf an object depends on Compare temperature and heat Explain in terms of energy, why objects change temperature

Learning Objective: Define specie interdependence Describe how organisms depend on each other

Learning Objective: Know the four energy pathways